#P14897. [ICPC 2018 Yokohama R] Eulerian Flight Tour

    ID: 16714 远端评测题 3000ms 512MiB 尝试: 0 已通过: 0 难度: 8 上传者: 标签>2018Special Judge欧拉回路高斯消元ICPC横浜

[ICPC 2018 Yokohama R] Eulerian Flight Tour

题目描述

You have an airline route map of a certain region. All the airports in the region and all the non-stop routes between them are on the map. Here, a non-stop route is a flight route that provides non-stop flights in both ways.

Named after the great mathematician Leonhard Euler, an Eulerian tour is an itinerary visiting all the airports in the region taking a single flight of every non-stop route available in the region. To be precise, it is a list of airports, satisfying all of the following.

  • The list begins and ends with the same airport.
  • There are non-stop routes between pairs of airports adjacent in the list.
  • All the airports in the region appear at least once in the list. Note that it is allowed to have some airports appearing multiple times.
  • For all the airport pairs with non-stop routes in between, there should be one and only one adjacent appearance of two airports of the pair in the list in either order.

It may not always be possible to find an Eulerian tour only with the non-stop routes listed in the map. Adding more routes, however, may enable Eulerian tours. Your task is to find a set of additional routes that enables Eulerian tours.

输入格式

The input consists of a single test case.

$$\begin{aligned} & n \quad m \\ & a_1 \quad b_1 \\ & \vdots \\ & a_m \quad b_m \end{aligned}$$

nn (3n1003 \leq n \leq 100) is the number of airports. The airports are numbered from 1 to nn. mm (0mn(n1)20 \leq m \leq \frac{n(n-1)}{2}) is the number of pairs of airports that have non-stop routes. Among the mm lines following it, integers aia_i and bib_i on the ii-th line of them (1im1 \leq i \leq m) are airport numbers between which a non-stop route is operated. You can assume 1ai<bin1 \leq a_i < b_i \leq n, and for any iji \neq j, either aiaja_i \neq a_j or bibjb_i \neq b_j holds.

输出格式

Output a set of additional non-stop routes that enables Eulerian tours. If two or more different sets will do, any one of them is acceptable. The output should be in the following format.

$$\begin{aligned} & k \\ & c_1 \quad d_1 \\ & \vdots \\ & c_k \quad d_k \end{aligned}$$

kk is the number of non-stop routes to add, possibly zero. Each of the following kk lines should have a pair of integers, separated by a space. Integers cic_i and did_i in the ii-th line (ci<dic_i < d_i) are airport numbers specifying that a non-stop route is to be added between them. These pairs, (ci,di)(c_i, d_i) for 1ik1 \leq i \leq k, should be distinct and should not appear in the input.

If adding new non-stop routes can never enable Eulerian tours, output -1 in a line.

4 2
1 2
3 4
2
1 4
2 3
6 9
1 4
1 5
1 6
2 4
2 5
2 6
3 4
3 5
3 6
-1
6 7
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 3
4 5
4 6
5 6
3
1 5
2 4
2 5
4 3
2 3
2 4
3 4
-1
5 5
1 3
1 4
2 4
2 5
3 5
0