#P14285. [ICPC 2025 WF] Herding Cats

[ICPC 2025 WF] Herding Cats

题目描述

You are opening a cat cafe in Baku and would like to take a promotional photograph of all the cats sitting in the front window. Unfortunately, getting cats to do what you want is a famously hard problem. But you have a plan: you have bought a collection of m m catnip plants, each of a different variety, knowing that each cat likes some of these varieties. There is a row of m m pots in the window, numbered 1 to m m in order, and you will place one plant in each pot. Each cat will then be persuaded (by means of a toy on a string) to walk along the row of pots from 1 to m m . As soon as a cat reaches a pot with a catnip plant that it likes, it will stop there, even if there already are other cats at that plant.

:::align{center}

Figure F.1: One possible plant ordering for the first sample test case. :::

You know which pot you would like each cat to stop beside. Can you find a way in which to place the plants in the pots to achieve this?

输入格式

The first line of input contains an integer t t (1t10000 1 \le t \le 10\,000 ), which is the number of test cases. The descriptions of t t test cases follow.

The first line of each test case contains two integers n n and m m , where n n (1n2105 1 \le n \le 2 \cdot 10^5 ) is the number of cats, and m m (1m2105 1 \le m \le 2 \cdot 10^5 ) is the number of catnip plants (and also the number of pots). Catnip plants are numbered from 1 to m m .

The following n n lines each describe one cat. The line starts with two integers p p and k k , where p p (1pm 1 \le p \le m ) is the pot at which the cat should stop, and k k (1km 1 \le k \le m ) is the number of catnip plants the cat likes. The remainder of the line contains k k distinct integers, which are the numbers of the plants that the cat likes.

Over all test cases, the sum of n n is at most 2105 2 \cdot 10^5 , the sum of m m is at most 2105 2 \cdot 10^5 , and the sum of all k k is at most 5105 5 \cdot 10^5 .

输出格式

For each test case, output either yes if it is possible to arrange the catnip plants as described above, or no if not.

2
3 5
2 2 1 5
2 3 1 4 5
4 2 3 4
3 5
2 2 1 5
2 3 1 4 5
5 2 3 4
yes
no

提示

Explanation of Sample 1: In the first test case, a possible ordering of the plants is [2,1,5,3,4][2, 1, 5, 3, 4]. This way, cat 1 will stop at pot 2, as it is the first pot with a plant variety that it likes. Cat 2 will stop there as well. Cat 3 will continue all the way to pot 4, as shown in Figure F.1.