题目背景

Cookie Clicker is a Javascript game by Orteil, where players click on a picture of a giant cookie. Clicking on the giant cookie gives them cookies. They can spend those cookies to buy buildings. Those buildings help them get even more cookies. Like this problem, the game is very cookie-focused. This problem has a similar idea, but it does not assume you have played Cookie Clicker. Please don't go play it now: it might be a long time before you come back.

Cookie Clicker was created by Orteil. Orteil does not endorse and has no involvement with Google Code Jam.

题目描述

In this problem, you start with $0$ cookies. You gain cookies at a rate of $2$ cookies per second, by clicking on a giant cookie. Any time you have at least $C$ cookies, you can buy a cookie farm. Every time you buy a cookie farm, it costs you $C$ cookies and gives you an extra $F$ cookies per second.

Once you have $X$ cookies that you haven't spent on farms, you win! Figure out how long it will take you to win if you use the best possible strategy.

Suppose $C = 500.0$, $F = 4.0$ and $X = 2000.0$. Here's how the best possible strategy plays out:

1. You start with $0$ cookies, but producing $2$ cookies per second.
2. After $250$ seconds, you will have $C = 500$ cookies and can buy a farm that produces $F = 4$ cookies per second.
3. After buying the farm, you have $0$ cookies, and your total cookie production is $6$ cookies per second.
4. The next farm will cost $500$ cookies, which you can buy after about $83.3333333$ seconds.
5. After buying your second farm, you have $0$ cookies, and your total cookie production is $10$ cookies per second.
6. Another farm will cost $500$ cookies, which you can buy after $50$ seconds.
7. After buying your third farm, you have $0$ cookies, and your total cookie production is $14$ cookies per second.
8. Another farm would cost $500$ cookies, but it actually makes sense not to buy it: instead you can just wait until you have $X = 2000$ cookies, which takes about $142.8571429$ seconds.

Total time: $250 + 83.3333333 + 50 + 142.8571429 = 526.1904762$ seconds.

Notice that you get cookies continuously: so $0.1$ seconds after the game starts you'll have $0.2$ cookies, and $\pi$ seconds after the game starts you'll have $2\pi$ cookies.

输入格式

The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, $T$. $T$ lines follow. Each line contains three space-separated real-valued numbers: $C$, $F$ and $X$, whose meanings are described earlier in the problem statement.

$C$, $F$ and $X$ will each consist of at least $1$ digit followed by $1$ decimal point followed by from $1$ to $5$ digits. There will be no leading zeroes.

输出格式

For each test case, output one line containing "Case #$x$: $y$", where $x$ is the test case number (starting from $1$) and $y$ is the minimum number of seconds it takes before you can have $X$ delicious cookies.

We recommend outputting $y$ to $7$ decimal places, but it is not required. $y$ will be considered correct if it is close enough to the correct number: within an absolute or relative error of $10^{-6}$.

4
30.0 1.0 2.0
30.0 2.0 100.0
30.50000 3.14159 1999.19990
500.0 4.0 2000.0

Case #1: 1.0000000
Case #2: 39.1666667
Case #3: 63.9680013
Case #4: 526.1904762

提示

Limits

• $1 \leq T \leq 100$.

Small dataset(8 Pts)

• Time limit: 60 3 seconds.
• $1 \leq C \leq 500$.
• $1 \leq F \leq 4$.
• $1 \leq X \leq 2000$.

Large dataset(11 Pts)

• Time limit: 120 5 seconds.
• $1 \leq C \leq 10000$.
• $1 \leq F \leq 100$.
• $1 \leq X \leq 100000$.